After some lengthy research (I looked for
the best Google phrase.) I came up with a substantial number of web
sites that talk about this topic. Consequently, I thought I would begin
with one view. It is espoused by Wendell Berry. It says:
Community in 17 sensible steps
By Wendell Berry Web
Specials Archives Issue How can a sustainable
local community (which is to say a sustainable local economy) function?
I am going to suggest a set of rules that I think such a community would
have to follow. I hasten to say that I do not understand these rules
as predictions; I am not interested in foretelling the future. If these
rules have any validity, it is because they apply now. Supposing that
the members of a local community wanted their community to cohere, to
flourish, and to last, they would:
1. Ask of any proposed change or innovation:
What will this do to our community? How will this affect our common
wealth?
2. Include local nature -- the land, the
water, the air, the native creatures -- within the membership of the
community.
3. Ask how local needs might be supplied
from local sources, including the mutual help of neighbors.
4. Supply local needs first (and only
then think of exporting their products, first to nearby cities, and
then to others).
5. Understand the ultimate unsoundness
of the industrial doctrine of "labor saving" if that implies poor work,
unemployment, or any kind of pollution or contamination.
6. Develop properly scaled value-adding
industries for local products in order not to become merely a colony
of the national or the global economy.
7. Develop small-scale industries and
businesses to support the local farm or forest economy.
8. Strive to produce as much of their own
energy as possible.
9. Strive to increase earnings (in whatever
form) within the community, and decrease expenditures outside the community.
10. Circulate money within the local economy
for as long as possible before paying it out.
11. Invest in the community to maintain
its properties, keep it clean (without dirtying some other place), care
for its old people, and teach its children.
12. Arrange for the old and the young to
take care of one another, eliminating institutionalized "child care"
and "homes for the aged." The young must learn from the old, not necessarily
and not always in school; the community knows and remembers itself by
the association of old and young.
13. Account for costs that are now conventionally
hidden or "externalized." Whenever possible they must be debited against
monetary income.
14. Look into the possible uses of local
currency, community-funded loan programs, systems of barter, and the
like.
15. Be aware of the economic value of neighborliness
-- as help, insurance, and so on. They must realize that in our time
the costs of living are greatly increased by the loss of neighborhood,
leaving people to face their calamities alone.
16. Be acquainted with, and complexly connected
with, community-minded people in nearby towns and cities.
17. Cultivate urban consumers loyal to
local products to build a sustainable rural economy, which will always
be more cooperative than competitive.
From a speech delivered November 11, 1994
at the 23rd annual meeting of the Northern Plains Resource Council and
paraphrased from Wendell Berry's Another Turn of the Crank.